Detailed Description:

STN-DBS under general anesthesia has been applied to PD patients who cannot tolerate awake surgery, but general anesthesia will affect the electrical signal in microelectrode recording (MER) to some degree. At present, there are some studies on the effects of desflurane on neuronal signal amplitude and discharge characteristics during STN-DBS in PD patients but there is no definite conclusion. This study compares the influence of MER mapping during STN-DBS and the differences in postoperative clinical outcomes between desflurane general anesthesia and conscious sedation anesthesia to explore alternative anesthesia for DBS in PD patients who cannot tolerate local anesthesia or conscious sedation and to provide feasible anesthesia techniques for the application of MER during DBS under general anesthesia. This study is a prospective randomized controlled, noninferiority study, open label, endpoint outcome evaluator blinded, two-arm study. Parkinson's disease patients undergoing STN-DBS are randomly divided into a conscious sedation group (dexmedetomidine) and a general anesthesia group (desflurane). The primary outcome is the percentage of high NRMS recorded by the MER signal (with the average NRMS recorded by MER after entering the STN greater than 2.0), which is used to compare the differences in neuronal electrical activities between conscious sedation and general anesthesia via desflurane groups. The secondary outcomes are the NRMS, length of the subthalamic nucleus, number of MER tracks, and differences in clinical outcomes 6 months after the operation.}}