Detailed Description:

, leptin is supposed to contribute to vitiligo pathogenesis through promoting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α "TNF," IL-2 and IL-6, as well as enhancing cytotoxic T cells "CD8" recruitment and inhibiting the functions of regulatory T cells "Tregs". Leptin can also aid in induction of oxidative stress by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase• Venous blood samples will be taken from patients and controls to evaluate serum leptin: Morning samples will be taken after 12-h overnight fast in plain vacutainer tubes and directly centrifuged (1098 g for 15 min). Sera will be then collected in plain, capped, 5 ml centrifuge tubes "Eppendorf" and freezed at -20ᵒC in a well-monitored freezer until the analysis is performed• Serum leptin will be quantitatively assessed in vitro using DRG leptin Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay "ELISA". ELISA will be performed according to manufacturer's guidelines where each run included a standard curve. Using the mean absorbance value for each sample, the corresponding concentration from the standard curve will be determined.}}