Detailed Description:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes different types of liver damage, ranging from simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma.(1) NAFLD is diagnosed by the presence of more than 5% fat accumulation in liver cells after excluding excessive alcohol intake in patients as well as other secondary causes of liver disease, such as drug-induced liver injury, viral and autoimmune hepatitis.(2) The diagnostic criteria for chronic kidney disease (CKD) are either the reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<60 mL/min/1.732) and/or abnormal albuminuria and/or overt proteinuria in patients for at least 3 months.(3) The association between NAFLD and CKD has recently attracted the attention of many experts. NAFLD and CKD share some common pathophysiological mechanisms as well as some metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Some studies have confirmed that the presence of NAFLD increases the risk of CKD and that the degree of liver fibrosis is related to CKD stage,(4) It is crucial to detect early renal impairment in patients with NAFLD to prevent CKD progression, minimize complications, and improve survival (1) Adiponectin is a recently identified adipose tissue-derived protein (adipocytokine) with important metabolic ,antiinflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and reactive oxygen species protective actions.(4) Adiponectin is one of the key regulators involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Further analyses have shown its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic roles in human cells. Data from large cross sectional studies showed a positive correlation between serum Adiponectin and mortality in chronic kidney disease.(5)}}